While the original meaning of "Hermeneutic Circle" is rooted in methods of literary interpretation, the paradigm has broader applications. In the context of this forum, I use it to refer to an ongoing process of wrestling with the past, making sense of the present, and reflecting on my work as a Christian historian.

My interests revolve around a "cluster" of topics including evangelicalism, pietism, Anabaptism, American religious history, religion and politics and Islam.

Monday, September 14, 2009

U2 at Soldier Field (and Captain John Smith?)

I must admit, I'm a big U2 fan! And last night, I was fortunate enough to commune with the four artists from Dublin -- commune, that is, amid 65,000 other people -- at Chicago's Soldier Field. It was an unbelievable performance - a true liturgy of transcendent rock and roll. (For an interesting interpretation of the U2 performance as liturgy, check out Robert Vagacs: Religious Nuts, Political Fanatics: U2 in Theological Perspective.)

The students in my US survey class and I took the opportunity to chat briefly about U2's story. Last week we discussed colonial Virginia and the English adventurer Captain John Smith -- a topic that hardly seems relevant to a U2 concert. But following the lead of one of our textbooks, I wondered how Smith would make sense of the Chicago leg of U2's 360 tour. What follows is a modest attempt at being clever.


John Smith’s Account of a U2 Concert
In the evening hours of the Lord ’s Day sometime in September, I ventured to attend a large gathering of indigenous Chicagoans in a curious place they called Soldier Field. Although I did not see any soldiers, parts of the structure looked to me to resemble what the Roman coliseum must have looked like. Indeed, the hall was said to have been filled with 65,000 people – a sight I would not have believed had I not seen it with my own eyes. Many spoke of bears, which is an indication that, like the Romans, these Chicagoans probably used their coliseum for the display and slaughter of wild animals. Although I saw no bears, I can only surmise that the occasion for which the multitude gathered was a religious ritual of sorts. The alter was larger than any of our galleons, and full of all sorts of trickery and witchcraft. Bejeweled with a thousand lanterns which at times burned brightly with all manner of color, and at other times were quenched out altogether. The intensity of these lamps, which could illuminate the entire sky, can only be explained through the work of the devil, who we know parades as an angel of light.
The priests for this occasion were four in number. It is said that they are Irish, a fact which well explains these rituals which they have no doubt received from the ancient druids. Two of them have rejected their Christian names, taking on secret names of their ancient religious order: The high priest styles himself Bono, while another calls himself simply The Edge. Each of the priests possessed strange instruments of music; nay what I heard was not music, but a loud cacophony of noise. While our English divine services are conducted in an orderly and hushed fashion, this pagan ritual was fraught with all manner of wretchedness – an orgy that must have resembled the wild gatherings of the prophets of Baal. The noise was deafening. As if under attack from the Devil himself, I could feel the weight of the drums beating on my very breast, and my ears rung as if I had discharged a musket only an inch from my ear. The natives felt little shame in this bastion of paganism. Their rum, distributed in cups which were made of a strange material, flowed freely. Indeed, there were alter boys who walked the isles, yelling out, supplying the crowds with the devil’s drink. The men were stumbling under the influence; the women wore none of the modest attire of a proper English woman.
I left the place, amazed at what I had beheld. Far from a paradise of innocence, these Chicagoans were mere pawns in the Devils playground. May our Lord Jesus protect us from their ways.

Friday, July 24, 2009

Scholarship in the Pietist Tradition?

Pietism is sometimes stereotyped as an anti-intellectual movement that cared little for formal education and scholarship. Yet all the major pietist figures were well educated and theologically sophisticated -- francke, Spener, Zinzendorf to name a few. Of course they were striving for a balanced spirituality that offered an alternative to highly intellectualized scholastics, but they did not throw all reason out the window. Pietist centers, at least those with moderate leanings, often centered around universities -- Halle, of course, but also Jena and Wittenberg. In the English context, we find Oxford's Holy Club and at the Cambridge, the Cambridge Methodists. So how do we sometimes get this idea that scholarship is incompatible with the Pietist tradition?

Tuesday, July 21, 2009

Mennonites Gather

The Mennonite Church USA held its annual convention recently (June 30 – July 5) in Columbus Ohio. What did they discuss? Here's just a smattering of the many seminar titles:

“Unashamedly Evangelical and Unapologetically Justice Centered”
“What happens when Lutherans Apologize to Mennonites?”
“The Historical Jesus and the Holy Spirit”
“Pro-life, Pro-peace: Practicing a Consistent Ethic of Life"
“Peace building in Palestine-Israel”

The gathering also passed resolutions on human trafficking and national healthcare. For details, go to http://www.mennoniteusa.org/Home/Convention/tabid/258/Default.aspx.

Additionally, Gregory Boyd was a featured speaker. See his comments on his contribution to the conference: http://www.gregboyd.org/blog/a-night-with-mennonites-and-jim-wallis/

Pietist-Anabaptist Intersection

Neo-Anabaptists like Gregory Boyd and Shane Claiborne essentially offer a path of engaging society that is transnational, rather than one that integrates faith and nationalism. I have been thinking about the way the pietist leader, Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf is a figure that could serve as a bridge between the pietist and Anabaptist traditions. Zinzendorf’s vision is often called ecumenical because it allowed many different confessions or denominations to come in under the Moravian umbrella and work together without giving up the distinctive elements of their respective tradition. But Zinzendorf’s vision went beyond this. Moravians believed that the Holy Spirit worked universally throughout all people groups and nationalities. God’s spirit did not operate within the boundaries of the Christianized world. In theory, this allowed the Moravians to work within a variety of territories, nations and indigenous areas without the baggage of a political, cultural or national agenda. This is exactly what neo-Anabaptists today are advocating. Of course we can debate about how successful the Moravians were or to what degree they really could be free from cultural imperialism, but they at least offered an alternative to the colonialism that permeated their day and age. Perhaps the Moravians are a manifestation of a pietist-Anabaptist intersection.

Saturday, July 4, 2009

Down Home Palin

Only time will tell whether Sarah Palin’s decision to step down as Governor of Alaska was a successful move or was rather, as one Republican strategist put it, “political suicide.” One thing is for sure: beneath her folksy persona, this was a calculated part of a larger political master plan. Her “reforming” mentality comes as a breath of fresh air to many, but will this “down home” style of toughness play out as well as she might hope?

Saturday, June 13, 2009

I'm in it for the power

Well, not really. But people do often look at me with an odd expression when I say that historians are the ones with the real power. Its true though, and in every culture. Think about it … In oral cultures, the historians are storytellers and bards. Within their legends and stories are collected the entirety of a people’s conscious identity about who they are and where they came from. These storytellers have the momentous responsibility to transmit the whole of their people’s knowledge and past experiences to the next generation. It is they who determine if and how the heroes of the past will be remembered and who among their ancestors will be condemned for their actions. But of course in our day and our written culture, we believe we approach the past with much more sophistication and authenticity. And I think, to a certain extent, we do. And historians continue to hold all the power. It is historians who determine who and what is worth remembering. To "make the history books" is to aquire a bit of immortality and it is the historians who determine who will reach this immortal existence. It is historians who shape people’s opinion of those who have lived before us. If I possess the skill, I can take an obscure individual and write a best-selling book about her. Like American Idol’s Simon Cowell, I can pluck someone from obscurity and make them famous. In the same way, historians have the power to shatter someone’s integrity, simply by highlighting their self-contradictions or shining a spotlight on their poor choices. We all know that political and charismatic leaders exert a tremendous amount of power and influence, yet it’s the historians who ultimately determine if their influence will transcend their short time in office and how favorably future generations will look on their tenure.
The historical record is itself a powerful raw material which can be shaped, molded, plundered and reinterpreted to suit our needs. History often provides ammunition for competing sides of the culture wars; it shapes the way we view our nation and its place in the world; it influences our judicial system and how we answer the ethical dilemmas of our time. It should come as no surprise, then, that we all use history. Theologians are fond of saying that everyone is a theologian, meaning that everyone, whether they are conscious of it or not, has beliefs, values and a worldview that shapes their daily decisions. But everyone is a historian as well. Regardless of our grasp of past events, we understand ourselves based on our past experiences, the family we have been born into and the traditions we keep. Whether we realize or not, the way we interpret our past – our story – becomes instrumental in how we act, think, and make choices. The way we view our past determines how we view the present and the future.
There is power in history, to be sure. And as the guardians of the past, historians have the real power.

Friday, May 22, 2009

News items, May 2009

Student comments on being Muslim in America

College of William and Mary student, Madeeha Hameed recently took a tour of the US -- read about her experiences and her thoughts on what its like to be a Muslim in the US: http://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2009/islam-in-america-madeehas-journey-002.php.

Bethel Hosts Conference on Pietism

Bethel University brought together various scholars for a recent conference entitled, "The Pietist Impulse in Christianity." It included such notable presenters as Shirley Mullen, Donald Dayton, and Jonathan Strom. (As well as my good friend Peter Yoder!) Read more about it at
http://www.bethel.edu/bethel-news/inter/2009/march-2009/03-30-09pietism-conference.

CCCU "Creation Care" grants

The Council for Christian colleges and Universities has awarded six "Creation Care" grants to a number of Christian institutions including Huntington University, Anderson University and Southwest Baptist University. For the story, go to http://www.cccu.org/news.

"H-Net" creates New Forum on Pentecostalism

Humanities and Social Sciences Net recently announced the creation of "H-Pentecostalism," a new discussion forum on the history and relevence of the Pentecostal movement in America. See http://www.h-net.org/~pentcost/.